# Yam Export

Yam (Dioscorea species) is one of Nigeria's most important staple food crops and a major non-oil export commodity. With strong global demand for yam tubers, particularly from the African diaspora in Europe, North America, and Asia, yam export presents a profitable and sustainable agribusiness opportunity for Nigerian exporters.

## What Is Yam and Why Is It Important?

Yam is a tuber crop widely cultivated across Nigeria and other tropical regions. It is a staple food for millions and holds significant cultural and economic value in West Africa.

### Key Uses of Yam

- Staple food in West African cuisine (boiled, fried, pounded, roasted)
- Yam flour and poundo yam production
- Industrial starch extraction
- Animal feed and pharmaceutical applications
- Snack processing (yam chips, crisps)

💪 Nutritional Benefits: Rich in complex carbohydrates for sustained energy, high in dietary fiber, potassium, and vitamin C, supports digestive health and immune function, naturally gluten-free.

## Why Export Yam from Nigeria?

### Nigeria's Competitive Advantage

- Largest producer of yams in the world (over 70% of global production)
- High-quality yam varieties with superior taste and texture
- Strong demand from African diaspora communities abroad
- Year-round production and abundant supply

Nigeria's yams are highly valued in international markets, especially in the UK, USA, Germany, and African diaspora hubs.

### Major Yam Producing States in Nigeria

Yam is predominantly grown in:

- Benue State (largest producer)
- Taraba State
- Nasarawa State
- Plateau State
- Kogi State
- Enugu State
- Delta State

These regions have fertile soil and favorable tropical climates for yam cultivation.

70%+
Global Production
7+
Producing States
Global
Diaspora Market

## Export Grades and Types of Yam

- Fresh Yam Tubers (Whole) — Most common export form, preferred by African diaspora consumers.
- Yam Flour (Elubo) — Value-added product used for making amala, a popular Nigerian swallow food.
- Pounded Yam Flour — Instant poundo yam powder for quick preparation.
- Frozen Yam Chips — Convenience product for fast cooking.

## Popular Nigerian Yam Varieties for Export

- White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) — Most popular variety, preferred for pounded yam and boiling.
- Yellow Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) — Rich, buttery flavor, high demand in specialty markets.
- Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) — Less common but valued for its versatility.

## Quality Standards for Yam Export

International buyers typically require:

- Large, firm, and mature tubers
- Free from cuts, cracks, bruises, and insect damage
- No signs of rot, mould, or internal decay
- Uniform size and shape
- Properly cured to extend shelf life
- No pesticide residues beyond permitted limits

## Packaging for Yam Export

Fresh Yam Tubers: Ventilated wooden crates or cartons, layered with clean straw or paper to prevent bruising, net bags for smaller yams.

Yam Flour / Pounded Yam: Polypropylene (PP) bags (25kg-50kg) with inner food-grade liners, vacuum-sealed retail packs (1kg-5kg).

Labeling should include: Product name and variety, Net weight, Country of origin (Nigeria), Exporter details, Batch/lot number, Packing date.

## Export Documentation Required

To export yam from Nigeria:

- CAC Registration Certificate
- NEPC Exporter Certificate
- NXP Form
- Phytosanitary Certificate (NAQS)
- Certificate of Origin
- Commercial Invoice
- Packing List
- Bill of Lading / Airway Bill
- Fumigation Certificate (if required)

Optional certifications: Organic certification, GlobalG.A.P., ISO / HACCP.

## Step-by-Step Yam Export Process

1. Register your export business with CAC & NEPC
2. Source quality yams from farmers or cooperative societies
3. Clean, sort, and grade yams by size and quality
4. Conduct quality inspection and phytosanitary testing
5. Package according to buyer specifications
6. Process export documentation
7. Ship to international buyers (sea freight for fresh yams, air freight for processed products)

## Major Global Markets for Nigerian Yam

- Europe: UK, Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy
- North America: USA, Canada
- Asia: China, Japan, South Korea
- Africa: South Africa, Ghana
- Middle East: UAE, Saudi Arabia

The largest demand comes from African diaspora communities seeking authentic Nigerian yams for traditional meals.

## Challenges in Yam Export

- Short shelf life of fresh yams (requires careful handling and temperature control)
- High spoilage risk during long sea freight
- Strict phytosanitary and food safety regulations
- Seasonal production variations

## Tips for Successful Yam Export

- Invest in proper post-harvest handling and curing facilities
- Use insulated containers for sea freight to maintain freshness
- Explore value-added products (yam flour, poundo yam) for longer shelf life
- Build relationships with diaspora community groups and ethnic grocery stores
- Ensure compliance with destination country phytosanitary requirements

📌 Conclusion
Yam export from Nigeria is a high-potential non-oil export opportunity with strong and growing global demand, especially from African diaspora communities. With proper quality control, packaging, and market targeting, Nigerian exporters can build profitable and sustainable yam export businesses.

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